Dna Rna And Dna Replication - 1735 Words

1. The process where a cell passed its DNA sequence onto another cell is known as DNA replication. This process usually took place in the S phase cell cycle through mitosis where the copy of DNA molecule are segregated and cytoplasm open up leading to cell division. In order for the process to happen, an enzyme helicase must hack the hydrogen bond where the DNA â€Å"unzip† and â€Å"unwind† to establish two open template. DNA polymerase then replace the RNA primer by adding new complementary nucleotides to the templates by following the base pairing rules--A=T, C=G, G=C, and T=A. Once the process is complete, two new sisters DNA strand are produce identical to the original strand. 2. This template is an 6 amino acid (CAT CTA ACC CCA GAG GAG ), where each codon is a triplet code for one amino acid. This template has to be transcript into (GTA GAT TGG GGT CTC CTC) where it then can be translate into mRNA. The translation of mRNA shows each codon for a particular amino acid (GUA GAU UGG GGU CUC CUC). The new amino acid that has been translated can now be used to create haemoglobin protein (Val Asp Trp Gly Leu Leu). 3. GTA GAT TGG GGT CAC CTC [Sickle Cell Anemia] GTA GAT TGG GGT CTC CTC [Normal hemoglobin] CAT CTA ACC CCA GAG GAG [Template Strand] In comparison of the template strand and normal cell with the sickle cell stand, there is a coding error on the second last triplet. The template strand has a GAG and normal response of CTC, however the sickle cellShow MoreRelatedTask1 Essay783 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Biochemistry Competence 208.5.1: DNA,RNA Nicole Seegmiller-Mott Western Governors University Abstract This a brief written report on the role of DNA, RNA and transmission on information within a cell to create amino acids. Biochemistry Competence 208.5.1: DNA,RNA DNA replication is an intricate process that requires many different proteins. Each protein preforms a very specific function in the creation of a new DNA strand. First helicase works by unwinding or dividing the original double helixRead MoreSimilarities and Dissimilarities in Transcription and Replication680 Words   |  3 Pagestranscription and replication Similarities. The similarities are the following: Both processes use similar nucleotide building blocks They use the same chemical method of attack on the same triphosphate group of an incoming nucleotide. The attack too is perpetrated by the -OH final group of the growing chain Both processes are perpetrated by the hydrolysis of the pyrophosphate group that is released upon instigation of the attack. Differences between transcription and replication The differencesRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For Dna Replication?991 Words   |  4 Pagesit mean for DNA replication to be semi- conservative? Semiconservative replication means during DNA replication each DNA strand is used to make new template of DNA from the 2 parental strands of DNA (Thompson, Part 1: DNA Replication, 2014). During this replication is to ensure that the newly replicated cells have the same full set of DNA as the parent cells so the sequence will continue to work properly (Thompson, Part 1: DNA Replication, 2014). During the process of DNA replication, the strandsRead MoreStructure and Function of Nucleolus883 Words   |  4 PagesThe nucleolus (plural nucleoli) is a non-membrane bound structure. Composed of proteins and nucleic acids found within the nucleus. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is transcribed and assembled within the nucleolus. Three major components of the nucleolus are recognized: the fibrillar centers (FC), the dense fibrillar components (DFC), and granular components (GC). The DFC consists of newly transcribed rRNA bound to ribosomal proteins, while the GC, contains rRNA bound to ribosomal proteins that are beginningRead MoreDna vs Rna783 Words   |  4 PagesComparison chart | DNA | RNA | Definition: | A nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms | RNA, single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose. RNA molecules are involved in protein synthesis and sometimes in the transmission of genetic information. | Job/Role: | Medium of long-term storage and transmission of genetic informationRead MoreDna Replication And The Cell Cycle1226 Words   |  5 Pagesthe division of cells is DNA replication. Without DNA replication, the new cells wouldn’t have DNA. So why is DNA so important? DNA is the basic blueprint of life, and it serves to tell the cells what to do, and what proteins to code for. Let’s take a deeper look into Bobby’s cell to see what fascinating events happens during DNA replication. DNA Replication The Cell Cycle Before Bobby’s cells enter the the stage of mitosis to divide, it goes through DNA replication. This process occurs in theRead MoreCh. 12 13 Dna Protein Synthesis Project. By Anthony1236 Words   |  5 PagesCh. 12 13 DNA Protein Synthesis Project By Anthony Li, Connor Farrell, John Koutsonikolis, and Tristan Funicelli (Tristan) # Describe the contributions of each of the following to the discovery of the structure of DNA - 1) Watson and Crick: Used Rosalind Franklin’s x-rays of DNA to conclude that DNA took the shape of a double helix. 2) Frederick Miescher: Used pus from infections to isolate nuclein. He found that nuclein had a unique ratio of phosphorous to nitrogen. 3) Oswald Avery: TestedRead MoreEssay about protien synthesis1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthe most minuscule mistake it can have monstrous effects. THE BASICS OF DNA AND GENES nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Protein synthesis first begins in a gene. A gene is a section of chromosome compound of deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA. Each DNA strand is composed of phosphate, the five-carbon sugar deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases or nucleotides. There are four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA. They are (A)denine, (G)uanine, (T)hymine, (C)ytosine and they must be pairedRead MoreDna Replication And Its Effect On The Development Of Mutations1129 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: DNA replication is one of the fundamental processes involved with the central dogma and is instrumental in the development of mutations, alternations and others changes that allow the process of evolution to operate and proceed leading to the biodiversity. In the process proposed by Watson and Crick (1953), the double helix unwinds to expose the bases in each strand of the DNA , where each of the two separate strands act as the template or molecular mould for the synthesis of a new

The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Work Performance

The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Work Performance Abstract This paper explores the symptoms associated with bipolar disorder and the effect of bipolar disorder on work performance. Several articles were explored to define bipolar disorder and the disorder’s impact on work performance, the employer’s response and the vocational rehabilitative field response. Keywords: bipolar disorder, symptoms, work performance, co workers The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on Work Performance For people with psychiatric disabilities, symptoms of the disability often fluctuate between periods of remission and reoccurrence, which may interfere with workplace performance and relationships with coworkers (Banks, Charleston, Mank 2001).†¦show more content†¦Bipolar employees who exhibit manic symptoms within the work place may appear to have an excessive eagerness to take on numerous new tasks. Employees in a manic episode may feel they are capable of any undertaking. Thus, they may pressure superiors to for assignments which they are unqualified, offer advice to coworkers despite little knowledge of the topic area, or take on far too many assignments at one time (Montejano, Goetzel,Ozminkowski 2005). During a manic episode, people are usually overly talkative and their speech may be louder and more rapid than usual. They may also experience distractibility that could be noticed in the work place as an inability to focus on a conversation or work-rela ted task. Racing thoughts, which are characteristic of mania, may be manifested by frequent and sudden changes in topics of conversation, something referred to as flight ideas. A vast amount of individuals impacted by the bipolar disorder are of working age. Thus the disorder can affect the employer in terms of lost of productivity, financial cost, and work place stigma. Employers have reported that individuals with bipolar disorder had significantly more absences. Individuals with Bipolar Disorder missed an average of 18.9Show MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1372 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorder is a fairly common, yet publicly uneducated topic. Bipolar disorder is a frequently repeated and progressive condition wherein one experiences at least one manic episode followed by at least one depressive episode. According to Ferri and Reus (2016), bipolar disorder could be caused from calcium dysregulation, an abnormality of GABA, and the G-protein-coupled receptor abnormality (p. 174). The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder is that it is a heritable condition in whichRead MoreThe Effects Of Bipolar Disorder On Individuals, Families And Society1109 Words   |  5 Pageswill be focusing on one of the more common mental illness — bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a serious medical condition that causes people to have extreme mood swings and these mood swings affect how people think, interact, behave and function (Bipolar Disorder, 2012). Research indicted that one to two percent of adults have bipolar disorder (Bip olar Disorder, 2012). Patients with bipolar disorder will also experience mania which are episodes of â€Å"severeRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Major Impact On The Social, Educational, And Occupational Development Of Individuals1729 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder is a highly intermittent illness often beginning in the critical life period of late adolescence and early adulthood. Bipolar disorder can have a major impact on the social, educational and occupational development of individuals. Psychotherapy has been found to treat people with a mental disorder by helping them understand their illness. It teaches people strategies and gives them tools to deal with stress, unhealthy thoughts, and unhealthy behaviors. Psychotherapy helps patientsRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Treatment854 Words   |  4 Pagesor despair because of poor performance at work or school or a recent break up. These feelings also can be brought about by a serious medical condition known as bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is when a person suffers from severe shifts in mood and energy. In most cases, bipolar disorder can be treated and people with the illness can live normal and productive lives with the help of medication and or therapy. Aiken, C. (2010). Family Experiences of Bipolar Disorder: The Ups, the Downs and theRead MoreThe Prevalence Of Bipolar Disorder And The Social Implications Associated With It1348 Words   |  6 Pagesprevalence of bipolar disorder and the social implications associated with it. Although there were a number of theorist that studied depression, Emil Kraepelin, a German psychiatrist recognized that there were biological implications that attributed to mental illnesses. Kraepelin’s Manic Depressive Insanity and Paranoia outlined bipolar disorder. Years later another German psychiatrist by the name of Karl Leonhard started the professional classification system for the disorder. (http://wwwRead MoreEffective Instructional Practices For Students With Bipolar Disorder Essay925 Words   |  4 PagesEffective Instructional Practices for Educators Working with Students Afflicted with Bipolar Disorder Despite the advances in designing instructions for students with learning disabilities, a lot of educators across the country still face significant challenges in addressing the needs of students who suffer from behavioral and emotional disorders. To add to this existing conundrum, there are a lot of students exhibiting bipolar characteristics who remain undiagnosed. Despite the existing federal mandatesRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Patient s Life1203 Words   |  5 Pagesof mental health disorders, one of the most common is Bipolar Disorder. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), Bipolar Disorder affects as much as 2.6% of the adult population. The effects of Bipolar Disorder can range from mild (having little impact on the patient’s day to day life) to severe (making the patient’s life debilitating and nonfunctioning). Bipolar Disorder also has a devastating effect on the patient’s friends and family. Bipolar Di sorder is one of the mostRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Effects On The Patients Life1196 Words   |  5 Pagesof mental health disorders, one of the most common is Bipolar Disorder. According to the Depression and Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), Bipolar Disorder affects as much as 2.6% of the adult population. The effects of Bipolar Disorder can range from mild (having little impact on the patient’s day to day life) to severe (making the patient’s life debilitating and nonfunctioning). Bipolar Disorder also has a devastating effect on the patient’s friends and family. Bipolar Disorder is one of the mostRead MoreEmotional And Behavioral Disorders Impact Today s System Of Learning1459 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough centuries on the numerous types of emotional and behavioral disorders. From today s research of the disorders, mankind as a whole has a better understanding and can adapt to situations when under pressure of the existence of a disorder. Emotiona l and behavioral disorders impact today’s system of learning. Jean Cheng Gorman suggests from her research that having a deeper understanding of the emotional and behavioral disorders is the best way of maintaining the control of productive educationalRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Therapy1729 Words   |  7 Pagesis normal and abnormal. The word abnormal is defined as anything that is not typical or non-conforming. Abnormal psychology is a portion of psychology that focuses on abnormal behavior or psychopathology; it is the study of emotional and mental disorders and behaviors that hinder an individual from becoming acclimatized to life (Kowalski Westen, 2009). Factors that are assessed are based on, the anguish, dysfunction, threat, and divergence that could ultimately cause an individual to harm others

Precautions Transmission of Infectious Agents †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Precautions Transmission of Infectious Agents. Answer: Introduction Prostate cancer is known to develop when there is an abnormal growth of the cells in the prostate gland that is a rapid division of the cells than compared in a normal prostate which results in the formation of a malignant tumor. In Australia, prostate cancer has been diagnosed to be the most common cancer. Most of the people dying of cancer have been found to be the cause of prostate cancer which is surveyed to be third most common. By the age of 85, one out 5 men will be diagnosed to have prostate cancer (Day-Calder, 2016). In older men, it has been found to be the most common one in which 63 percent of the cases in men were diagnosed over the age of 65 years. In the current study, the case is regarding Mr. X who is suffering from prostate cancer and is diagnosed to be the in the last stage associated with multiple complications. To get relieved from urinary retention he is being treated with the indwelling catheter. Mr. X understanding towards the treatment is very poor so he tries to pull out the catheter frequently. This is the best for the new GRNs for whom it might be interesting on how to provide the nursing care effectively for such kind of patients and the type of treatment to be given who is suffering from end-stage of prostate cancer associated with multiple complications. Multiple radiations and chemotherapy treatment are given to the patient because Mr. X has been admitted many times as he is suffering from metastatic prostate cancer (Fordham-Barnes, 2014). But this time he is admitted with other complications like urinary retention, hematuria, and UTI. For treating this, they have to alleviate the secondary urinary retention to the fibrotic prostate so he was inserted with IDC. This is the primary treatment which was started in treating him as the patient was complaining of the pain in the lower abdomen because of the urinary retention, loss of appetite due to multiple chemotherapy treatments and radiations, feeling of nausea, and lethargies. Here the condition of the patient has been identified and accordingly multidisciplinary collaboration of specialists is required for combining all the expertise so that high-quality integrated treatment can be achieved. As the choice, of clinical priority collaborative care is the method of treatment which can focus on meeting these requirements (Gillen, 2014). It would be the great opportunity for newly graduated nursing students to get knowledge about these integrated treatments and collaborative interventions. Also, the can know the clinical priorities given to the patient and their responses along with the alternatives that are focused in this case. Critical analysis of the nursing and/or collaborative interventions The patient Mr. X has been currently admitted for the treatment of Urinary retention and Hematuria on a priority basis as this is the major problem that is giving pain to the patient (Haycock-Stuart, et al., 2015). So a number of collaboratively integrated treatments along with the nursing have been proposed for treating this patient and to get relieved from the pain such as catheterization, urinalysis, bladder drainage, urinary discharge, and safe discharge. Mr. X has been admitted for urinary retention so as a part of the initial management of the treatment acute urinary retention has to be managed by carrying out immediate and complete decompression of the bladder through the process of catheterization. The readily available standard transurethral catheters have been used which can be inserted easily. The patient has to be referred to the physician who is trained in the advanced techniques of catheterization immediately if urethral catheterization is unsuccessful. The other alternative nursing and collaborative techniques which have to be known by the newly graduated nurses are using of angulated coude catheter or placement of a firm (Jones-Berry, 2016). While treating, it has to be noted that some of the potential complications if rapid decompressions arise such as hematuria, hypertension, and post-obstructive diuresis. However, these complications cannot just be reduced by gradual bladder decompression and there is no evidence for th at. Hence Mr. X was further recommended for rapid and complete emptying of the bladder. For patients who are hospitalized will be requiring catheterization for a period of 14 days or less so nurses should take care and maintain the records of treatment of Mr. X. It is because urethral catheters impregnated with silver alloy is found to be associated with reduced rates if UTI versus the standard catheters. By doing catheterization for14 days the patient has shown less discomfort and bacteriuria. Currently, guidelines that are evidence-based are not available for bladder irrigation strategies and nurses have to consult the institution on CBI for standard operating procedures (Lavoie, et al., 2016). Due to the condition of Mr. X, he was advised with the bladder normal saline irrigation continuously through gravity alone for achieving the pink or clear urine. The nurse has to meanwhile monitor the color of the urine, patency, any presence of clots, and lack of leaking around the catheter and bowel function so that irrigation effectiveness can be assessed. Mr. X has also been diagnosed with gross hematuria along with urinary retention. So he was initially evaluated by aiming at the outlining of the anatomic origin of the hematuria and also the genitourinary tract. However, it would be lengthy to go for differential diagnosis since he was in the setting of illness that is advanced so for uncovering the probable sources it is necessary for the nurses to go through the history of the patient carefully and has to focus on the physical examination (MacLaren, et al., 2016). In most of the clinical circumstances, the hematuria might be progressive and recurrent so it might require quick urologic consultation and evaluation with the imaging studies subsequently as seen in case of Mr. X. In doing further treatment, the options such as cystoscopy, retrograde or intravenous pyelography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography and or urography and the conventional tomography imaging that is computed can be carried out. At present, there are no guidelines that are evidence-based and state that any one of these suggested tests would be an idea in knowing the treatment. As there are no optimal imaging modalities all mentioned tests are done for Mr. X. A combination of cystoscopy and CT urography has been recommended to the patient by many experts for completely evaluating the entire GU tract (Nuutinen Rannos, 2013). It has been suggested to the patient by HPM and urological clinicians that instillation of lidocaine gel intraurethral will improve the control of pain from moderate to severe by undergoing cystoscopy that is flexible but the comfort does not improve if there is a delay before the scope of insertion. In this case the patient is advanced with his illness so as a part of the collaborative integrated treatment methods it is important to take into consideration the more extensive way of imaging or the invasive workup which has to be balanced with the goals of patient closely in terms of care, burden of symptoms, and prognosis overall. The severity of the bleeding and the facilitate patency of the outflow of the urinary has been assessed immediately by the clinicians as it is associated with the initial workup. In case of hematuria, the major potential emergency is the urethral obstruction (Oftedal, et al., 2017). Hence, in this case, the patient is held with the therapies of aspirin, drugs related to non-steroidal anti-inflammation, anticoagulation and antiplatelet conditions. These are the used temporarily for stabilizing the patient. The patient has been monitored for hemodynamic instability with the fluid infusion intravenously as it is was indicated to be necessary. The fairly straightforward treatment that is appropriate for the patient Mr. X is the management of POUR. For avoiding the long-term damage to the integrity and functioning of bladder it is aimed at decompressing the bladder. The first step is always to go for the immediate catheterization. Either with the placement of indwelling Foley catheter or within and out catheterization this treatment can be carried out (Osborne, 2014). However, it is easy to pace the indwelling Foley catheter but prolonged used of this method is not encouraged as it is associated with many drawbacks. When compared with intermittent catheterization it is better to go for indwelling catheters in this patient as it leads to increased rates of UTI. It is very important to make sure that there is a free drainage of urine so that urinary retention is avoided and ultimately leading to obstructive uropathy. Hence the patient here is suffering from hematuria so he has been carefully examined for making sure that there is not retention of urine after the treatment due to the formation of the clot. If the patient is able to pass the urine comfortably then he should be questioned about the presence of any clots in the flow of urine and if it is so then he should be asked about the clot size, and the difficulty he faced while passing through it. Clot retention has been noticed in the patient of Mr. X so the further treatment is recommended where it required the insertion of three-way Foley catheter which is similar to that of the standard two-way catheter (Page, et al., 2015). The presence of additional channels will be allowing the irrigation of the fluid to be passed through the bladder by clearing all the clots from the bleeding site . If the patient is not suffering from any kind of cardiovascular disorders than there is no reason to be an inpatient that is there would be no evidence of acute renal failure, retention of clots, sepsis, not able to take more amount of oral fluids, or social circumstances. After deciding that now it is safe for the patient to get discharged as he is treated for urinary retention and hematuria it is very much important in advising the patient with clear instructions on how to manage the hematuria in occurring again (Parisotto, et al., 2016). So Mr. X was suggested appropriately and was asked to seek further medical attention if he faces any complications He has been advised to take a lot of clear fluids so that plenty of urine can be flushed out through the urinary tract. This would be the best solution in treating hematuria and clear it off and prevent the formation of any type of clots and problem of urinary retention. In addition to this, the patient has been advised that if the accumulation of urine in permitted in the bladder after some point of time due to, for instance, insufficient intake of fluids then he can notice the darkening of hematuria or passage of small clots (Scanlon, 2014). Then it should be considered as the sign of worry and has to clear it off in few voidings if he starts taking an adequate intake of fluids. The catheterization was found to be successful for this patient so he has been discharged home after being examined with the urology follow up which was noticed to fit into the closed leg-bag foley system and he was educated in the management of catheter at home. After catheter therapy for preventing infection, the integrity of the catheter system that is closed is maintained and it has to be removed as soon as possible (Sinclair, Bowen Donkin, 2013). It is not required to use the routine prophylactic antibiotics because its use might promote the resistance and might lead to further complications. However, before discharge, a dose of oral antibiotic has been recommended as it was found to be appropriate for this patient X as the urinary catheters manipulation was excessive in this patient. If the patient is facing a systemic illness like hypertension, fever, or multiple comorbid medical conditions then he might require getting hospitalized again as he was facing multiple complications earlier too so it might lead to decompression (Sprinks, 2014). It is not necessary that by limiting the urine-emptying and gradual drainage the occurrence of hematuria after complete bladder emptying is most likely of little clinical significance. Reflection on future implications The current case study is regarding Mr. X who has been suffering from metastatic prostate cancer and is also associated with multiple complications. The patient has been admitted with urinary retention and hematuria who has been suffering from severe pain out of these complications. So here usually I found that diagnosis is self-evident (Van der Berg Daniels, 2013). The patient was found to be very much uncomfortable in passing the urine and he was facing difficulty in doing so. However, diagnosing is such conditions are necessary. The history of the patient is closely examined and the cause of such complications has been identified. The patient is treated with multiple treatments available such as catheterization, bladder drainage, urinary discharge, etc. and finally he was relieved from the pain and was discharged. While discharging he was given necessary advice and suggestions of proper intake of fluids so that the reoccurrence of this problem will be low in future. It has been found that medications will play a significant role in treating the patients with urinary retention and hematuria (Vincent, et al., 2014). Research has been carried out extensively and many of the clinical studies have supported that as a part of the first line of medical therapy pharmacological agents will play a role. Within the staff of nursing, the catheterization of the urinary bladder is found to be an exclusive procedure of the nurse which will be requiring enough practice and scientific knowledge has to be performed. It can be explained as the drainage of the urine by introducing the catheter into the urethra so that it reaches the interior of the urinary bladder. It has to be handled carefully by the nurses as the improper handling might be a discomfort to the patient. Accordingly, in the urethra, the length of the stay and the intervals between the process the urinary catheterization can be labeled as relieving (West, et al., 2017). It has been reported that among the key complications of the procedure is the urinary tract infection. So, the nursing practice should be appropriate not to make patients fall into such cases. References Day-Calder, M. (2016). Student life-How to relay complex information to patients: As a student you need to practise breaking complicated information down into comprehensible chunks.Nursing Standard,31(13), 33-33. Fordham-Barnes, A. (2014). Referral to the Nursing and Midwifery Council Fitness to Practise Committee. InConference Paper. Faculty of Health, Graduate School Conference (June). Birmingham City University. Gillen, S. (2014). Staff in state of'heightened anxiety'over fitness to practise proposals.Nursing Standard,28(32). Haycock-Stuart, E., James, C., McLachlan, A., MacLaren, J. (2015).Students' and Mentors' Understandings of Fitness to Practise Processes in Pre-Registration Nursing Programmes in Scotland(Doctoral dissertation, These Terrifying Three Words". NHS Education Scotland (NES)(www. nes. scot. nhs. uk)). Jones-Berry, S. (2016). NMC to examine impact of fitness to practise hearings: Action is promised by regulator after a Nursing Standard investigation reveals nurses accused of misconduct can suffer a mental health crisis.Nursing Standard,30(46), 12-13. Lavoie, M., Godin, G., Vzina-Im, L. A., Blondeau, D., Martineau, I., Roy, L. (2016). Psychosocial determinants of nurses intention to practise euthanasia in palliative care.Nursing ethics,23(1), 48-60. MacLaren, J., Haycock-Stuart, E., McLachlan, A., James, C. (2016). Understanding pre-registration nursing fitness to practise processes.Nurse education today,36, 412-418. Nuutinen, T., Rannos, S. (2013). Welcome to practise in gastroenterogical wards: An Orientation Guide for Exchange Nursing Students. Oftedal, B., Kolltveit, B. C. H., Zoffmann, V., Hrnsten, ., Graue, M. (2017). Learning to practise the Guided Self?Determination approach in type 2 diabetes in primary care: A qualitative pilot study.Nursing Open. Osborne, K. (2014). Are nurses ready for revalidation? Katie Osborne asks if some nurses will struggle to meet new fitness to practise requirements.Nursing Standard,29(3), 22-23. Page, S., Warwick, C., Hughes, A., Davies, J., Beach, J. (2015). We urge early engagement with the fitness to practise process.Nursing Standard,29(28), 32-32. Parisotto, M. T., Pelliccia, F., Grassmann, A., Marcelli, D. (2016). SP506IS DIALYSIS NURSING PRACTISE ASSOCIATED WITH SUCCESSFUL CANNULATION OF NATIVE ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS AND GRAFTS?.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation,31(suppl 1), i262-i262. Scanlon, C. (2014). Where should aesthetic nurses practise? An evaluation of national health guidelines.Journal ofAESTHETlC NURSING March,3(2). Sinclair, P. M., Bowen, L., Donkin, B. (2013). Professional nephrology nursing portfolios: maintaining competence to practise.Renal Soc. Aust. J.,9, 35-40. Sprinks, J. (2014). The new system will differ from PREPit will be fit for purpose New revalidation requirements judging fitness to practise come into force at the end of next year, but nurses should start preparing early, reports Jennifer Sprinks.Nursing Standard,28(40), 14-15. Van der Berg, L. S., Daniels, F. M. (2013). Do nursing students know and practise the Universal Precautions to prevent transmission of infectious agents?.curationis,36(1), 1-7. Vincent, E., Hopkins, C., Athey, D., Brathwaite, B. (2014). Readers panel. Practise what you preach.Nursing Standard,28(33). West, E., Nayar, S., Taskila, T., Al-Haboubi, M. (2017). The progress and outcomes of black and minority ethnic (BME) nurses through the Nursing and Midwifery Council's" Fitness to Practise" process.

Is It Possible for Managers to Reduce Inequality in Business Organizations

Introduction: When Equality Is at Risk. Organizational Culture Discussed so far and wide that the issue should have been worn out the next day it was brought up, inequality in workplace still remains one of the greatest problems in the present-day world. No matter how hard it is to admit it, the instances of people’s rights infringement occur on a daily basis in some companies, which is why inequality I business organizations is worth bringing up once again.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is It Possible for Managers to Reduce Inequality in Business Organizations? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite all the attempts to reach equality on all levels, whether cultural, social, or biological, people still have to face the harsh light of reality; according to the results of the recent researches, inequality is still on the agenda of the modern entrepreneurships. However, with the help of efficient manageme nt, the solution to the problem can be found. While avoiding inequality completely hardly seems possible, bringing its rates down is still within the powers of the company managerial. Taking a Retrospective: Where Inequality Stems from Before going any further, it is necessary to locate the root of the problem. In the given case, the inequality issue has been obviously spawned by a number of prejudices against a certain type of employees. By and large, inequality in the workplace is mostly a result of setting the wrong atmosphere among the staff and enhancing wrong attitudes. Though occasionally stemming from a specific conflict or initiated by a specific person who consciously discriminates against a certain type of people (Banerjee, 2008), workplace segregation is usually a result of the lack of care towards building the right atmosphere within the team. Taking a closer look at the enhancers of segregation moods in a team of employees, one can possibly find the way to put a stop t o workplace discrimination. Leadership issues: taking the wrong turn The fist reason for any discrimination is a very weak and insufficient leadership (Cooke, 2003). Left without a leader, a team is likely to structure their relationships in their own way. Depending on the type of relationships between the members, the need in a â€Å"scapegoat† might appear. Organizational culture: it is the HRM to blame One of the greatest problems of the HRM personnel is the inability to embrace the needs and wants of every single member of the staff. As Jackal (1988) explains, â€Å"Many managerial decisions are routine ones based on well-established and generally agreed upon procedures† (Jackal, 1988, 77). When rivalry rates hit the roof: envy as the root of all evil Another thing that is most likely to hinder the development of a more friendly attitude towards the social outcasts in the team of office workers is the result of the process defined by psychologists as the â€Å"mir ror stage†: â€Å"The mirror defines an essentially competitive, rivalrous relationship both to self and others; and in this sense the mirror stage identifications found an interest in the control and domination of others† (Roberts, 2001, 110).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thence, it can be considered that the relationships based on rivalry, which are inherited at an early age, rule people’s lives in the future and set the behavioral models for adults in their workplaces. As Roberts explains, â€Å"At the same time, with the mistaken identification of self with the image of self, a new vulnerability is created at the level of self-identity; a narcissistic preoccupation with the potentially ‘existence confirming’ (or annihilating) look of the other† (Roberts, 2001, 110). The Means to Fight Inequality: The Right Thing to Do Breaking t he rules that have been set in a team unofficially is extremely hard. Therefore, it is clear that the process of eliminating any traces of discrimination within a team of employees is going to take a lot of time and effort. Hence, a good leader and a strong, well thought-out strategy must be developed to encourage the change and defeat inequality within a team of colleagues. As it has been mentioned, a lot of resistance is expected because of two reasons. First, people are not prone to rapid changes, and, second, the fact that someone is being discriminated against is the fact that the rest of the team has already built a specific hierarchy. Destroying the latter means that a new one has to be created, which is a very hard effort to make. Changing the leadership strategy: ruling with an iron fist Though often taken for granted, the leader’s persona plays an immensely great role in the development of relationships within a certain group of employees (Fineman Gabriel, 1996). A s a matter of fact, a leader often does toned any legends to back his/her authority with – the mere fact of being the head of a department/office/any other working team makes people feel subordinate towards the person in question. Indeed, according to what Gabriel (1997) says, â€Å"To many people in the lower echelons of organizations, top leaders do not appear altogether human, not at least in the sense that colleagues or immediate superiors are† (Gabriel, 1997, p. 316). Therefore, shaping the leadership strategy and changing it from merely establishing moral standpoints to actually sharing a positive attitude (Watson, 2003). Setting an example: the power of authority Enhancing morality within the team, however, can result in a complete failure unless the persona of the leader leaves an impact on all those involved. There are some issues with the given decision, however, which are worth being discussed. To start with, it is quite hard to believe that most people will follow the rules set by a person who has just recently become the company leader. Moreover, even with a person who has been an authority for a considerable time, it is hard to believe that the employees will willingly accept the moral values that are going to be imposed on them instead of the traditional ones. However, Zimbargo et al. assert that a true leader can change not only the way people act, but also the way they think, thus, shaping their attitudes and behavior:Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is It Possible for Managers to Reduce Inequality in Business Organizations? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although many participants dissented, saying that they didn’t want to give electric shocks to the learner, some even crying at the prospect of what they thought they were doing to that poor victim, only a minority of the participants actually disobeyed and stopped pressing the shock keys (Zimbargo e t al., 2000, 219). It is out of question that a leader can not only make people behave in a certain way, but also convince them that what they are made to do is actually for their own good. Thus, even in the place where certain discriminatory issues exits, with the right course set by the right person, any segregation moods will soon disappear. Self-development as the ultimate answer There is no need to explain that, unless the leader of a certain group shows an example, no one is ever going to change their attitudes. Therefore, the aspect of self-development is crucial for a manager who wants his/her team to overcome certain discrimination issues in the workplace. According to the existing evidence, the importance of self for a leader must not be underrated. As Jackson and Carter explain, people are â€Å"adaptive and genious† (Jackson Carter, 2000, 144) for the most part, which means that they can change if the leader wants them to. At this point, however, it is necessary to reconsider the significance of self for the manager and for the team. While it is essential for the leader of the team to prove his/her point with the help of his/her influence, thus, reclaiming his/her authority, the self of the employees somewhat fades into the background. On the one hand, the given phenomenon is quite undesirable, since it diminishes the significance of the employees for the organization. On the other hand, however, the given situation allows the company manager to solve the existing conflict and stamp his/her authority most efficiently to put a stop to any sort of discrimination among the employees. The Probable Pitfalls: Breaking the Undercover Rules However, as one might have expected, fighting the existing discriminatory attitudes in a company is quite difficult even for a company manager. However, knowing is half the battle – once the basic problems that a manager can possibly face while fighting discrimination among the employees are outlined, it is possible to fight them efficiently. Learning the key issues, one will be able to handle any conflict within the shortest amount of time.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Against the mob rule: when employees do not want change Naturally, there will be quite a few people who will accept the changes willingly. Therefore, one of the greatest obstacles on the way for a manager to overcome the discriminatory attitudes in the team and set the course for cooperation and non-confrontational attitudes among the employees will be people’s unwillingness to change. It can be argued that with a proper motivation, though, people will change their manner of treating the less fortunate members of the team in an appropriate way. Still, going against the power of the mob, one will have to use a proper leadership tactics, which only a person with appropriate leadership skills can handle. As Jackson and Carter stress, Yet there is, within the theory and the practicing of managing organizational behaviour, an extraordinarily strong emphasis on the requirement for employees not to have instrumental attitudes but, on one hand, to be loyal and committed to the organi zation for itself and, on the other hand, to find gratification in this loyalty and commitment – to be, for example, satisfied by intrinsic, rather than extrinsic, rewards. (Jackson Carter, 2000, p. 149) Hence, there are reasons to believe that it is natural for employees to strive for their own intrinsic rewards; however, as Jackson and Carter stress, with the right motivation, a leader can inflict an immediate defeat to the existing discrimination moods in the team. Organizational culture vs. company revenues It is hard to ignore the fact that a company is headed towards getting revenues, while the relationships between the people involved in the business serve as a power enhancer in the business venture (Linstead, Fullop Lilley, 2009). Therefore, the relationships are not a priority, but the tool with the help of which a company can help the employees reach mutual understanding and, thus, make sure that the production process is not hindered by misunderstandings of any k ind. As Roberts (2001) commented on the issue, In competing for the recognition of the value of the self in these terms, the person is individualized such that all relationships – with self, colleagues, and subordinates –come to be seen solely as means or obstacles to securing â€Å"success† in the eyes of the market. (Roberts, 2001, 110) Therefore, the choice between introducing strong moral values and enhancing the efficiency of the employees is often rather hard. Once the emphasis is on the company morals and values, the efficiency of the production process might be hindered. Conclusion: When Efficient Leaderships Tips the Scales Taking into the account the fact that the personnel needs efficient guidance, as it has been shown in the previous paragraph, one can come to the conclusion that a strong leader can save the day, solving the existing conflicts. In the given case, the leader is supposed to face an especial challenge, both establishing him-/herself as a powerful authority and as a person who is going to represent the voice of morality in the team. Hence, it must be admitted that the job of resolving inequality issues within a specific organization is an extremely challenging task. The management will have to go into great lengths to convince the staff to follow the newly established morality principles and to treat the ones who were discriminated against with due dignity and respect. However, once the measures described above are taken, one will be able to reduce the instances of discrimination to zero. Reference List Banerjee, S B 2008, â€Å"Neocapitalism,† Organization Studies, no. 29, pp. 1541-1563. Cooke, B 2003, â€Å"The denial of slavery in management studies,† Journal of Management Studies, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 1895-1918. Fineman, S Gabriel, Y 1996, â€Å"The gods,† in S Fineman Y Gabriel (ed), Experiencing organizations, SAGE, Stamford, CT, pp. 60-72. Gabriel, Y 1997, â€Å"Meeting God: when organ izational members come face to face with the supreme leader,† Human Relations, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 315-342. Jackal, R 1988, â€Å"Looking up and looking around,† in Robert Jackal (ed), Moral mazes: the world of corporate managers, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, pp. 75-100. Jackson, N Carter, P 2000, â€Å"Self,† in N Jackson P Carter (eds) Rethinking organizational behavior: a poststructuralist framework, Pearson Education, Upper Saddle River, NJ, pp. 143-167. Linstead, S, Fullop, L, Lilley, S 2009, Management and organization, 2nd edn, Palgrave McMillan, New York, NY. Roberts, J 2001, â€Å"Corporate governance and the ethics of Narcissus,† Business Ethics Quarterly, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 109-127. Watson, T J 2003, â€Å"Ethical Choice in managerial work: the scope for moral choices in an ethically irrational world,† Human Relations, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 167-185. Zimbargo, P G et al. 2000, â€Å"Reflections on the Stanford Prison experiment: genesis, transformations, consequences,† in T Blass (Ed) Obedience to authority: current perspectives on the Milgram paradigm, Taylor Francis, New York, NY, pp. 193-257. This essay on Is It Possible for Managers to Reduce Inequality in Business Organizations? was written and submitted by user Harvey Cole to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.